Martin

__**1. When reading a film script, what do the following acronyms stand for and what do they mean?**__ __**LS:**__ //Long Shot// __**MS:**__ //Medium Shot// __**MCU:**__ //Medium Close-Up// __**CU:**__ //Close-Up// __**XCU:**__ //Extreme Close-Up// __**EXT:**__ //Exterior// __**INT:**__ //Interior// __**VO:**__ //Voice-Over// __**POV:**__ //Point of View// __**OS:**__ //Over-the-Shoulder// __**SFX:**__ //Special Effects (Can either be sound or visual)//

__**2. What do the following terms mean?**__ __**CUT:**__ //an abrupt or sudden change or jump in camera angle, location, placement, or time, from one shot to another//

__**DISSOLVE:**__ //a transitional editing technique between two sequences, shots or scenes, in which the visible image of one shot or scene is gradually replaced, superimposed or blended (by an overlapping **fade out** or **fade in** and **dissolve**) with the image from another shot or scene//

__**FADE-IN and FADE-OUT:**__ //a 'fade in' is often at the beginning of a sequence, and a 'fade out' at the end of a sequence.//

__**CUTAWAY:**__ //a brief shot that momentarily interrupts a continuously-filmed action, by briefly inserting another related action, object, or person (sometimes not part of the principal scene or main action), followed by a cutback to the original shot//

__**ZOOM:**__ //a single shot taken with a lens that has a variable focal length, thereby permitting the cinematographer to change the distance between the camera and the object being filmed, and rapidly move from a wide-angle shot to a telephoto shot in one continuous movement; this camera technique makes an object in the frame appear larger//

__**DOLLY:**__ //refers to a moving shot in which the perspective of the subject and background is changed//

__**3. How long is the average feature film script? Can you estimate the length of a movie from looking at the script?:**__ //On average, 15 minutes worth of a film, means up to 30 pages of script, so yes, it is possible to figure the length of the movie, just by looking at the script.//

__**Comedy 1:**__ media type="file" key="rabbit-intro_1.mov" width="243" height="243"

__**Comedy 2:**__ media type="file" key="rabbit-intro_2.mov" width="243" height="243"

__**1. Can music by itself (without lyrics) be humorous or funny?**__ //Yes. Without lyrics, it allows you to make the story your own and take it, and interpret the music your own way.//

__**2. What musical techniques can be used to make music funny or humorous?**__ //I think weird time signatures, dynamic changes, music that is on the off-beats, using instruments that are not common (i.e. kazoo)// __**3. What kind of instruments and sounds are used to make a piece of music humorous or funny? Make a list.**__ //Kazoo// //Gong// //Piccalo// //Glockenspiel// //Tympani// //Bass Drum// //Clavinet// //Oboe// //Tuba// //Wood-Block//


 * __Funny/Humorous piece of music w/o lyrics:__**
 * media type="youtube" key="1lXT13GFpVM" height="219" width="294" - "The singing Butts"**
 * media type="youtube" key="LnwoM5YSJ84" height="219" width="294"- "Rollo Take a Walk"**

__**Montage - Rhythmic:**__

__**Montage - Emotional:**__

__**1. What is a film montage?**__ //A film montage is a technique in film editing that edits a series of short shots into a sequence to condense, time, and information. Usually, it is used to suggest the passage of time, rather than to create symbolic meaning.//

__**2. What is the difference between American, French and Soviet interpretations of montage?**__
 * //American Interpretation: Montage in America is when a short segment in the film, that contains narrative information, is presented in a condensed fashion.//
 * //French Interpretation: In French, montage literally means putting together or assembly and simply identifies edits.//
 * //Soviet Interpretation: was a method of juxtaposing shots to derive new meaning that did not exist in either shot alone.//

__**3. List some examples of montage sequences:**__ //X-Men: First Class Training Montage:// media type="youtube" key="Cv6N9dehvN0" height="172" width="291" align="left"

//Rocky Balboa Training Montage:// [|Rocky Balboa Training Montage]

__**4. How are these types of montage different?**__ >
 * **//Metric -//** //where the editing follows a specific number of frames (based purely on the physical nature of time), cutting to the next shot no matter what is happening within the image. This montage is used to elicit the most basal and emotional of reactions in the audience.//
 * **//Rhythmic -//** //includes cutting based on time, but using the visual composition of the shots — along with a change in the speed of the metric cuts — to induce more complex meanings than what is possible with metric montage. Once sound was introduced, rhythmic montage also included audial elements (music, dialogue, sounds).//
 * **//Tonal -//** //a tonal montage uses the emotional meaning of the shots — not just manipulating the temporal length of the cuts or its rhythmical characteristics — to elicit a reaction from the audience even more complex than from the metric or rhythmic montage. For example, a sleeping baby would emote calmness and relaxation.//
 * **//Overtonal/Associational -//** //the overtonal montage is the cumulation of metric, rhythmic, and tonal montage to synthesize its effect on the audience for an even more abstract and complicated effect.//
 * //**Intellectual -**// //uses shots which, combined, elicit an intellectual meaning.//

__**5.Can montage become a cliche? If so, give some examples.**__ //I think so. Let's use the Rocky Training Montage for example. I think a lot of inspirational training montages are cut to resemble the Rocky Montage. The beginning, the build up and the end of accomplishing the task of attaining a certain goal.//

__**6. How might you approach choosing or composing music for a montage sequence? What would you want to know about the sequence?**__ //I would want to know what the sequence is about and how it got to that point. Is it a chase scene, is it a sports training montage, etc//



The Joker's methods are simple: gain pleasure in breaking every law and moral stature known to man. More importantly, he makes the crime funnier by playing a game of cat and mouse with Batman. Joker views every crime, infliction of pain, and murder as the ultimate joke -- mocking Batman. Joker's trademarks are his razor sharp playing cards and the laughing gas Smilex, a chemical that infects his victims with the same ghastly grin as his own. Extremely intelligent despite his lunacy, the Joker often accesses information within Gotham City that should only be available to government officials and the police. His only real motive is bringing Batman as close to the edge as possible. Joker strives to outdo Gotham's other villains as well, for if they have the honor of doing Batman in then he has no purpose. To The Joker Gotham is merely a stage on which he performs.

media type="file" key="Letmotif_1.mp3" align="left" width="240" height="20": This Leitmotif would be used to introduce the character whether it be the very first time in the movie/show or the first time in a scene

media type="file" key="Letmotif_2.mp3" align="left" width="240" height="20"
 * This Leitmotif would be used in a scene in which the joker would fight or is close to getting into an altercation

media type="file" key="Letmotif_3.mp3" align="left" width="240" height="20"
 * This Leitmotif would be used when he is about to capture or use some one as a hostage. It also would be used when he is torturing someone.

media type="file" key="Letmotif_4.mp3" align="left" width="240" height="20"
 * This Leitmotif would be used in a chase scene involving the Joker.

media type="file" key="Letmotif_5.mp3" align="left" width="240" height="20": This Leitmotif would be used in the end credits.

__**What is a musical theme?:**__ //Usually a recognizable melody that the whole composition is based on.//

__**What is a leitmotif?:**__ //Referring to a recurring theme associated with a person, place, and/or idea.//

__**What difference is there, if any, between a theme and a leitmotif?:**__ //Leitmotifs are more specific in that they are more relative to a specific person, place, or idea, whereas a theme is more general where it is more relative to the production as a whole.//

__**What is meant by a musical variation?:**__ //A technique in which material is repeated in an altered form. Harmony, melody, timbre, rhythm, or any combination of these can be altered.//

__**Name/identify some uses of leitmotif you've heard in movies, TV, or video games:**__ //__"Why So Serious?"__ - Hans Zimmer & James Newton: Everytime the Joker would enter, in the movie, **The Dark Knight,** or was going to play a role in a particular scene, this was the song you would hear...//

__**Underscoring Example 1:**__ media type="file" key="BUELNAJR_AU2151_UNDERSCORING.mov" width="300" height="300"

__**Underscoring Example 2:**__ media type="file" key="BUELNAJR_AU2151_UNDERSCORING_2.mov" width="300" height="300"

__**Underscoring:**__ //A man is walking through a bombed out village. Through the broken window of a house, he sees a small bird, still in it's cage. He frees the bird. It flies away.// media type="file" key="Fly, Bird, Fly....mp3" width="240" height="20"

//A man goes into a flower shop and asks the woman working there to help him pick out some flowers for his wife. The audience knows the man has been stalking her, but the woman doesn't.// media type="file" key="Watch out girl!.mp3" width="240" height="20"

//A cartoon dog looks in through the window as his master allows the new cat to curl up in her lap.// media type="file" key="Poor Dog.mp3" width="240" height="20"

__**1. What is Underscoring and how does it work in films?**__ //Underscoring is the music or sounds that lay beneath the visual. Usually sets the tone or theme of the particular scene.//

__**2. How might the following musical qualities be useful in underscoring a scene? What considerations would you give to each of them when applied to underscoring?**__ //I think they are all an important piece of underscoring if each one is used to emphasize the scene in which it is underscoring. For example, if you are underscoring a high speed chase scene in a movie, you might want to use music that has an emphasis on rhythm and timbre...If you are underscoring a love scene, you might want to use music that emphasis melody, and tone.//

Diegetic Example 1: media type="file" key=" BuelnaJr_AU2151_diegetic_music.mov" width="300" height="300" Diegetic Example 2: media type="file" key="BuelnaJr_AU2151_Diegetic_Music_2.mov" width="300" height="300"
 * __Diegetic (Defined):__** is sound in film that is part of the narrative. For example, if the character in a movie turns on a CD player or begins to play piano, and it is suggested that the character can hear these sounds, that is //diegetic// sound.

__**Considerations:**__ When editing diegetic music, things to be aware of is; the balance of the music to the atmosphere of the particular scene in the movie. Another thing to consider, is the way something sounds in a particular atmosphere. For example, if they are in the club, the music playing in a club would sound different then music playing from your car, or on headphones.

media type="youtube" key="fRI15yhjeNQ" height="315" width="560"
 * __Example:__** Of what diegetic music would look/sound like in a film.